Lutein & Zeaxanthin

Yaeyama Chlorella is a natural wholefood containing a plethora of essential nutrients, as well as 13.47mg of lutein per 3g serving. As Chlorella is a wholefood its nutrients are not extracts or artificially synthesised - meaning you can be sure this lutein is completely available to the body. Lutein is believed to preserve eye health, and research suggests it is effective against cataracts and age-related macular degeneration.

Promote Eye Health

The eyes are repositories for carotenoids with lutein and zeaxanthin concentrated in the retina and lens. Observational studies have noted that higher dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin is related to reduced risk of cataracts and age-related macular degeneration, two eye conditions for which there is minimal options when it comes to effective prevention. Researchers speculate that these carotenoids may promote eye health through their ability to protect the eyes from light-induced oxidative damage and aging through both their antioxidant actions as well as their ability to filter out UV light.

Deficiency Symptoms

A low dietary intake of carotenoids such as lutein and zeaxanthin is not known to directly cause any diseases or health conditions, at least in the short term although long-term inadequate intake of carotenoids is associated with chronic disease, including heart disease and various cancers. One important mechanism for this carotenoid-disease relationship appears to be free radicals. Research indicates that diets low in carotenoids can increase the body's susceptibility to damage from free radicals. As a result, over the long term, carotenoid-deficient diets may increase tissue damage from free radical activity, and increase risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and cancers.

Due to low consumption of fruits and vegetables, many adolescents and young adults do not take in enough carotenoids such as lutein and zeaxanthin.

Carotenoids may play a role in the treatment and/or prevention of the following health conditions:

  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
  • Age-related macular degeneration
  • Angina pectoris
  • Asthma
  • Cataracts
  • Cervical cancer
  • Cervical dysplasia
  • Chlamydial infection
  • Heart disease
  • Laryngeal cancer (cancer of the larynx)
  • Lung cancer
  • Male and female infertility
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Photosensitivity
  • Pneumonia
  • Prostate cancer
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Skin cancer
  • Vaginal candidiasis

Food Sources

Green vegetables such as kale, spinach, turnip greens, collard greens, romaine lettuce, broccoli, zucchini,garden peas and Brussel sprouts are among the best sources of lutein and zeaxanthin. For those of us not getting enough green vegetables in our diet, Chlorella provides an ideal concentrated natural source of Lutein and Zeaxanthin supplementation, as the table below shows:

Carotenoid contained in green-yellow vegetables and Yaeyama Chlorella (per 100g)

Spinach

Pumpkin Carrot

Broccoli

Yaeyama Chlorella

Lutein

10.20mg 1.20mg 0.26mg 1.90mg 449mg

Evidence supports a reduction in the risk of age-related macular degeneration with increasing intake of two carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, and a large clinical trial is still ongoing to see if they can influence the progression of this disease.

References

  • Agarwal S, Rao AV. Carotenoids and chronic diseases. Drug Metabol Drug Interact 2000;17(1-4):189-210 2000. PMID:15130.
  • Berendschot TT, Broekmans WM, Klopping-Ketelaars IA et al. Lens aging in relation to nutritional determinants and possible risk factors for age-related cataract. Arch Ophthalmol 2002 Dec;120(12):1732-7 2002.
  • Bernstein PS, Khachik F, Carvalho L.S, Muir GJ, Zhao DY,Katz NB. Identification and quantitation of carotenoids and their metabolites in the tissues of the human eye. Exp Eye Res 2001 Mar; 72(3):215-23 2001.
  • Brown L, Rimm EB, Seddon JM, Giovannucci EL, Chasan-Taber L, Spiegelman D, Willett, WC, Hankinson, SE. A prospective study of carotenoid intake and risk of cataract extraction in US men. Am J Clin Nutr 1999 Oct; 70(4):517-24 1999.
  • Burri BJ. Carotenoids and gene expression. Nutrition 2000 Jul-2000 Aug 31;16(7-8):577-8 2000. PMID:15140.
  • Chasan-Taber L, Willett WC, Seddon JM, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Hankinson SE. A prospective study of carotenoid and vitamin A intakes and risk of cataract extraction in US women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999 Oct; 70(4):509-16 1999.
  • Chung HY, Rasmussen HM, Johnson EJ. Lutein bioavailability is higher from lutein-enriched eggs than from supplements and spinach in men. J Nutr. 2004 Aug;134(8):1887-93. 2004. PMID:15284371.
  • Delgado-Vargas F, Jimenez AR, Paredes-Lopez O. Natural pigments: carotenoids, anthocyanins, and betalains-- characteristics, biosynthesis, processing, and stability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2000 May;40(3):173-289 2000. PMID:15150.
  • Duh PD, Yen GC, Yen WJ, Chang, LW. Antioxidant effects of water extracts from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) prepared under different roasting temperatures. J Agric Food Chem 2001 Mar:49(3):1455-63 2001.
  • Groff JL, Gropper SS, Hunt SM. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. West Publishing Company, New York, 1995 1995.
  • Handelman GJ. The evolving role of carotenoids in human biochemistry. Nutrition 2001 Oct;17(10):818-22 2001. PMID:15100.
  • Krinsky NI. Carotenoids as antioxidants. Nutrition 2001 Oct;17(10):815-7 2001. PMID:15110.
  • Lininger SW, et al. A-Z guide to drug-herb-vitamin interactions. Prima Health, Rocklin, CA, 2000 2000.
  • Pinzino C, Capocchi A, Galleschi L, Saviozzi F, Nanni B, Zandomeneghi M. Aging, free radicals, and antioxidants in wheat seeds. J Agric Food Chem 1999 Apr; 47(4):1333-9 1999.
  • Pizzorno J, Murray M. The Textbook of Natural Medicine. The Textbook of Natural Medicine 1998.
  • Riedl J, Linseisen J, Hoffmann J, Wolfram G. Some dietary fibers reduce the absorption of carotenoids in women. J Nutr 1999 Dec; 129(12):2170-6 1999.
  • Snellen EL, Verbeek AL, Van Den Hoogen, GW et al. Neovascular age-related macular degeneration and its relationship to antioxidant intake. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2002 Aug;80(4):368-71 2002.
  • Young AJ, Lowe GM. Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of carotenoids. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001 Jan 1;385(1):20-7 2001. PMID:15120.
  • Tan JS, Wang JJ, Flood V, Rochtchina E, Smith W, Mitchell P. (Feb 2008). "Dietary antioxidants and the long-term incidence of age-related macular degeneration: the Blue Mountain Eye Study". Ophthalmology. 115 (no. 2): 334-41.

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